Which statement best captures the central assumption of the Biological approach?

• A. It states that behaviour is shaped mainly by social learning
• B. It denies any biological influence on behaviour
• C. It suggests behaviour is a random product of environment
• D. Behaviour has a physical basis in biological processes

Answer: (D)

The main idea being tested is that behaviour has a physical basis in biological processes. The Biological approach explains thoughts, feelings, and actions in terms of brain activity and body chemistry—neural circuits, neurotransmitters, hormones, genetics, and brain structure. This means changes in biology can lead to changes in behaviour, and research or treatment focuses on these biological factors, using methods like brain imaging or medications to understand and influence behaviour. For example, mood and aggression can be linked to neurotransmitter activity, and manipulating those chemical systems with drugs can alter behaviour. The other statements don’t fit this view because one emphasizes social learning, another denies biology, and another suggests environment alone produces random outcomes, whereas the biological perspective roots all behaviour in physical brain and body processes.