Name two brain regions commonly associated with localisation of function (e.g., language and memory).

• A. Hypothalamus and amygdala
• B. Prefrontal cortex and occipital lobe
• C. Broca's area and Wernicke's area
• D. Cerebellum and thalamus

Answer: (C)

Localisation of function means specific brain regions are tied to particular mental processes. For language, two well-established regions are Broca's area in the left frontal cortex, linked to speech production; damage here causes expressive aphasia, where speech is non-fluent but comprehension remains relatively intact. Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe is linked to language comprehension; damage here leads to receptive aphasia, with fluent but meaningless speech and poor understanding. This left-hemisphere specialization and the distinct roles show how language is localized in the brain. Other regions mentioned have broader or different functions (emotion, motor control, vision, etc.) and don’t map onto language in the same direct way.