In evolutionary explanations, which concept explains why a trait like the peacock's tail increases mating success despite survival costs?

• A. Kin selection
• B. Sexual selection
• C. Inclusive fitness
• D. Natural selection

Answer: (B)

Sexual selection explains this. It happens when traits evolve because they boost mating success, even if they reduce survival. The peacock’s tail acts as a display that attracts females or signals genetic quality, leading to more matings and offspring. Over generations, those trait advantages in reproduction outweigh the survival costs, so the trait persists. This is different from natural selection, which emphasizes survival advantages; here the reproductive payoff drives the evolution of the trait. Kin selection and inclusive fitness involve benefiting relatives, not mate attraction, so they don’t explain the peacock’s tail in this context.